Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial intestinal disorder characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The etiology of IBD is still unclear, although genetic, environmental and host factors have been associated to the disease. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVO) is a central component of the Mediterranean diet and it decreases chronic inflammation by interfering with arachidonic acid and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specifically, the different components of EVO are able to confer advantages in terms of health in their site of action. For instance, oleic acid displays a protective effect in liver dysfunction and gut inflammation, whereas phenolic compounds protect colon cells against oxidative damage and improve the symptoms of chronic inflammation in IBD. Given the biological properties of EVO, we investigated whether its administration is able to confer protection in a mouse model of dextrane sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Four EVO cultivars from the Apulian Region of Italy, namely Ogliarola (Cima di Bitonto), Coratina, Peranzana and Cima di Mola, respectively, were used. Administration of EVO resulted in reduced body weight loss in our colitis model. Furthermore, mice treated with Ogliarola, Coratina and Cima di Mola EVO displayed a reduction of rectal bleeding and IL-1β, TGFβ, IL-6 gene expression levels. Furthermore, Ogliarola, Coratina and Peranzana EVO administration ameliorated intestinal permeability and histopathological features of inflammation. Our data further validate the well-known positive effects of EVO supplementation in promoting human health and suggest the bona fide contribution of EVO in preventing onset and reducing progression of intestinal inflammation.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract [1]
Apulian olive oils have been classified based on their chemical composition and on their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profile [18]
Girelli et al correlated NMR spectra of Apulian cultivars to their genetic profiles and pedo-climatic aspects observing a high variability in the phenolic pattern [19]
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract [1]. The onset of IBD occurs in early adult life, individuals. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1084 of any age can be affected. The majority of people who develop IBD may relapse, while a minority of them develop colorectal cancer (CRC) as a long-term complication [2]. The incidence of IBD has been rapidly increasing worldwide, with a peak in newly industrialized countries that adopt Western lifestyle. Incidence is stabilizing in Western countries, the prevalence surpasses 0.3% [3]. There are two main types of IBD phenotypes, Crohn’s disease (CD)
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