Abstract
The consumption of EVOO in Mediterranean countries has shown beneficial effects. A wide range of evidence indicates that the phenolic compounds present in EVOO are endowed with anti-inflammatory properties. In this work, we evaluated the effects of dietary EVOO and treatment with its phenolic extract (PE) in a model of RA, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. On day 0, DBA-1/J mice were immunized with bovine collagen type II (CII). On day 21, the mice received a booster injection. We have demonstrated that EVOO and its PE decreases joint edema, cell migration, cartilage degradation and bone erosion. Our data indicate that dietary EVOO and PE treatment inhibit JNK, p38 and signal transducer and STAT-3. In addition, both EVOO and PE decrease NF-κB translocation leading to the down-regulation of the arthritic process. These results support the interest of natural diet components in the development of therapeutic products for arthritic conditions.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane and progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and bone. (Salgado and Maneiro, 2014).RA patients exhibit a chronic inflammatory condition which usually affects symmetrically arthrodial and small joints of the hands and feet.Global prevalence of RA has been estimated to be around 0.5-1.0% of adults in developed countries with a large variation across regions and approximately three times more common in the female gender
Our results revealed that Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), as the lipid component in the diet, and its phenolic extract (PE) effectively exhibited preventive and therapeutic effects, respectively, in the development of inflammatory arthritis and joint damage in Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) arthritic mice in comparison with those CIA mice fed with SO or the standard diet (Figure 1)
Our results indicate that animals fed an EVOO diet or treated with the PE showed a significant reduction in IL-1β and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines levels in paw homogenates (Figure 3)
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane and progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and bone. (Salgado and Maneiro, 2014).RA patients exhibit a chronic inflammatory condition which usually affects symmetrically arthrodial and small joints of the hands and feet.Global prevalence of RA has been estimated to be around 0.5-1.0% of adults in developed countries with a large variation across regions and approximately three times more common in the female gender. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane and progressive destruction of the articular cartilage and bone. Pharmacological treatment in AR including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological agents have improved the signs and symptoms of RA, but these drugs are only effective in a fraction of patients and have other limitations including a high cost, the requirement for parenteral administration and drastic side effects. The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet have been proven in cardiovascular diseases and in diabetes, obesity, arthritis and cancer (Cárdeno et al, 2013). Evidence points out that the Mediterranean diet decreases both pain and disease activity leading to better outcomes, and a decrease in the doses of anti-inflammatory drugs which cause considerable side effects (Smedslund et al, 2010)
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