Abstract

Simple devices for performing immunological assays in nonlaboratory settings (e.g., home, bedside, doctor's office, out-patient clinic) are a recent innovation (1,2). There are a number of reasons for performing extra-laboratory assays and these include: a medical emergency, monitoring or screening, doctor-patient convenience, or because of financial incentives (e.g., reduction of overheads or availability of reimbursement). Immunological tests for detecting pregnancy (hCG in urine) and ovulation (FSH in urine) were the first tests to become widely available, and today many examples of these test devices can be found on the pharmacy and supermarket shelf. Their success has fueled the development of a wide range of other tests and test devices. This article briefly reviews aspects of those developments.

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