Extra-intestinal Salmonellosis in a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Introduction Salmonella infection is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not treated properly. It has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics. These developments are concerning. Objective This study sought to observe common patterns of invasive Salmonella infections, such as the common serotypes involved, presentation, sensitive investigations, and effective treatment. This study also aimed to examine the risk factors that can worsen the infection and increase morbidity and mortality. Methods This retrospective analysis included all patients who were diagnosed with invasive Salmonella infection at KKUH from May 2017 to December 2018. Most patients in this report were immunocompromised; however, a few previously healthy patients. Different types of specimens were collected. Results Twenty-two patients with invasive salmonella were included in this study. Sixteen of them had underlying conditions. The most common presenting symptoms of illness were fever (n=13), vomiting (n=6), and diarrhea (n=4). Most blood samples (94%) were positive for Salmonella. All patients were discharged except three who died; these were all older patients with comorbidities. Conclusion The findings of this study support that immunocompromised patients and people with extreme ages are more likely to have serious medical illnesses and at higher risk of infection with Salmonella spp. Therefore, we stress the importance of public education about maintaining high standards of food and water safety. Moreover, antibiotic resistance against salmonella is a rising problem, so judicious use of antibiotics should be promoted and continuous evaluation should be carried out.