External weight mass and carrying position influence peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force independently during forward lunge

Abstract

BackgroundThe forward lunge is a common exercise in the rehabilitation of patellar tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain syndrome. External weights are frequently used to increase the peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force during this exercise. The weight's position might influence this relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effect of an external weight's mass and carrying position on the peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force during a forward lunge. MethodsTen healthy individuals performed forward lunges holding external weights between 0.1 and 0.3 times body mass either in one hand at the ipsilateral or contralateral side of the leading leg, or in two hands at the side or in front of the trunk. Three-dimensional kinematic data and ground reaction forces were collected and peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force were calculated using musculoskeletal modelling. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA's determined the main effects for the external weight's mass and position as well as their interaction effect. FindingsIncreasing the mass of the external weights increased both the peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force linearly and at the same rate in all positions. Both peak forces were larger in the one-hand ipsilateral and two-hand side positions. InterpretationAn external weight's mass and position both influence the peak patellar tendon force and patellofemoral joint contact force during a forward lunge. The rate of increase in peak forces with increasing mass was similar for all weight-carrying positions.