Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are highly immune infiltrates, and many of them respond to immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors including anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD1 agents. However, the effect of immune genes on clinical outcomes in ccRCCs has not been fully studied. Here, we show in this study that an immune-associated gene panel has a prognostic value for clear cell renal cell carcinomas. We performed single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and cell type identification by estimating subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithms on patient-matched normal renal and RCC tissues to characterize two immunophenotypes and immunological characteristic subpopulations. Furthermore, LASSO Cox regression was applied to develop a novel prognosis-associated model for ccRCC patients based on an immune-gene panel. The results were verified by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and coordinated with the clinicopathological characteristics of ccRCCs, along with genomic signatures. Finally, based on the above perspectives, we generated a nomogram with a high prognostic efficiency for ccRCC patients. Overall, this study offers a unique perspective that can contribute to improving the accuracy of prognosis prediction and treatment with immunotherapy.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tumor of the urinary system and accounts for approximately 3% of all adult cancers (Zarrabi et al, 2017), with an annual increase of more than 0.40 million newly diagnosed and 0.18 million deaths (Capitanio et al, 2019)
We focused our efforts on illustrating the interaction between immunity and tumors and the predictive value of immune genes for Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs)
Two Immune Subtypes of ccRCC Were Identified by Immunogenomic Profiling
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tumor of the urinary system and accounts for approximately 3% of all adult cancers (Zarrabi et al, 2017), with an annual increase of more than 0.40 million newly diagnosed and 0.18 million deaths (Capitanio et al, 2019). Most patients are frequently diagnosed with RCC after presenting with typical symptoms, such as hematuria, flank pain, and palpable abdominal mass, thereby missing the optimal treatment time Based on histological and cytogenetic characteristics, 80% of RCC is subclassified as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which originates from nephron epithelial cells and has the highest mortality rate of all urinary tumors (McDougal et al, 2015). The rapid development of resistance during applied targeted therapy has become an increasingly challenging issue (Miao et al, 2018; Braun et al, 2020)
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