External Load Variables Affect Recovery Markers up to 72 h After Semiprofessional Football Matches

Live S Luteberget,Truls Raastad,Håvard Wiig,Matt Spencer,Ingvar Ims

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00689

Live S Luteberget, Truls Raastad + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00689

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Abstract

Background: Player tracking devices are commonly used to monitor external load from training and matches in team sports. Yet, how the derived external load variables relate to fatigue and recovery post-training or post-match is scarcely researched. The objective was, therefore, to investigate how external load variables affect recovery markers up to 72 h post-match.Methods: Semiprofessional players from six teams wore tracking devices during three experimental football matches. External load variables including individual playing duration, total distance, PlayerLoad™, high-intensity running, and high-intensity events were derived from the tracking devices, and blood samples and performance tests from 24–59 players were undertaken post-match. The effect of the external load variables on creatine kinase, myoglobin, and countermovement jump at 1, 24, 48, and 72 h, and 30-m sprint and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests level 1 at 72 h post-match, were modeled. Effects were gauged as two standard deviations of the external load and interpreted as the difference between a typical high-load and a typical low-load match. The effects were evaluated with 90% confidence intervals and magnitude-based inferences.Results: High-intensity running had very likely substantial effects on creatine kinase and myoglobin (moderate factor increases of 1.5–2.0 and 1.3–1.6 respectively), while duration, total distance, and HIE showed small, likely substantial effects. PlayerLoad™ and total distance had likely substantial effects on 30-m sprint time (small increases of 2.1–2.6%). Effects on countermovement jump performance were generally non-substantial. Despite these relationships, the uncertainty was too large to predict the recovery of individual players from the external load variables.Conclusions: This study provides evidence that external load variables have an effect on recovery markers up to 72 h post-match. Hence, tracking external load in matches may be helpful for practitioners when managing training load and recovery strategies post-match. However, it is recommended that several different external load variables are monitored. Future research should continue to address the problem of predicting recovery from external load variables.

Highlights

Football match load is known to cause increases in muscle damage indicators (Andersson et al, 2008), alter the biochemical milieu (Ascensão et al, 2008), and cause glycogen depletion (Bangsbo et al, 2006), leading to neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance impairment up to 72–96 h post-match (Silva et al, 2018a)
A validity study using the same Local Positioning Systems (LPS) system as the current study has shown a 2–4% error in linear and nonlinear distance when conducted in an indoor environment (Sathyan et al, 2011)
As a result of substitutions, the match load across all players was spread in a linear manner for all external load variables, except for duration where 61% of the players played a full 90-min match

Summary

Introduction

Football match load is known to cause increases in muscle damage indicators (Andersson et al, 2008), alter the biochemical milieu (Ascensão et al, 2008), and cause glycogen depletion (Bangsbo et al, 2006), leading to neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance impairment up to 72–96 h post-match (Silva et al, 2018a). In this rather long postmatch period, information on the players’ recovery status could be useful in order to optimally manage training load and recovery strategies for the individual player. The objective was, to investigate how external load variables affect recovery markers up to 72 h post-match

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