External apical root resorption in orthodontically treated Class II malocclusions with 2-phase protocol (A 10-year Experience)

Abstract

Background and objectives: External apical root resorption is one of the proposed sequels of fixed orthodontic appliances used for the treatment of different types of malocclusions specially class II. Many factors may be involved in the etiology and severity of such resorption. This study is conducted to explore the prevalence of root resorption and specify the most possible causative factors during orthodontic treatment. Method: Records of 103 patients (case sheet, panoramic and cephalometric radiograph) with class II malocclusion were retrieved from private clinics and dentistry college clinics. Patients with planned premolar extractions and 2-phase protocol for space closure were involved in the study. The pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were evaluated for external apical root resorption using a scoring method proposed by Levander and Malmgren The effect of variables like age, gender and duration of the treatment on external root resorption were studied. Results: Statistical analysis showed that age and gender has insignificant relation with root resorption. A highly significant relation found between the severe external apical root resorption and the duration of treatment. Conclusion: External apical root resorption is highly associated with long-term duration treatment protocols.