Abstract
Therapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging approaches based on nanotechnology offer distinct advantages in cancer treatment. Various nanotherapeutics have been presented as potential alternatives to traditional anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention. Notably, the advantage of nanotherapeutics is mainly attributable to their accumulation and targeting ability toward cancer cells, multiple drug-carrying abilities, combined therapies, and imaging approaches. To date, numerous nanoparticle formulations have been developed for anticancer therapy and among them, metallic nanotherapeutics reportedly demonstrate promising cancer therapeutic and diagnostic efficiencies owing to their dense surface functionalization ability, uniform size distribution, and shape-dependent optical responses, easy and cost-effective synthesis procedure, and multiple anti-cancer effects. Metallic nanotherapeutics can remodel the tumor microenvironment by changing unfavorable therapeutic conditions into therapeutically accessible ones with the help of different stimuli, including light, heat, ultrasound, an alternative magnetic field, redox, and reactive oxygen species. The combination of metallic nanotherapeutics with both external and internal stimuli can be used to trigger the on-demand release of therapeutic molecules, augmenting the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer therapies such as photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we have summarized the role of different metallic nanotherapeutics in anti-cancer therapy, as well as their combinational effects with multiple stimuli for enhanced anticancer therapy.
Highlights
Nanotherapeutics can be the potential alternatives to standard cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, and is an expanding sector of nanotechnology that combines nanoscience, biological science, material science, and pharmaceutical science, to develop novel anticancer therapeutics (Wang et al, 2020b)
metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) for cancer therapy have faced significant hurdles for FDA approval and very few of them have approved for clinical trials
The size and shape of the MNPs affect the in vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and clearance from the body
Summary
Nanotherapeutics can be the potential alternatives to standard cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation, and is an expanding sector of nanotechnology that combines nanoscience, biological science, material science, and pharmaceutical science, to develop novel anticancer therapeutics (Wang et al, 2020b). The SPR effect of platinum nanoparticles can be achieved by treatment in the UV region, resulting in lower photothermal conversion efficiency than in other metallic nanotherapeutics (Cheng and Liu, 2017). Chen et al reported that hyaluronic acid functionalization on MoS2 nanoparticles improved the stability, tumor-targeting ability, and NIR-triggered drug release, as well as application in PTT (Zhang et al, 2019a).
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