Extension of traceable calibration for electronic distance measuring instruments beyond the length of the laboratory

Abstract

Electronic distance measuring instruments (EDMs) are devices used by surveyors where calibrated tape measures are not adequate or appropriate. Modern EDMs are generally accurate and reliable, are commonly capable of measuring up to 6 km, and may be combined with an electronic theodolite in a total station unit. Precise traceable calibration of EDMs is possible using a linear displacement interferometer, for example, with the respective reflectors in back-to-back configuration. Calibration data may be analysed for scale error and cyclical error. The distances so calibrated are usually constrained by the length of laboratory (and/or straight rails) available, as well as by the maximum working distance of the interferometer, but may be extended further with caution by the introduction of mirrors to fold the EDM beam. This paper describes the apparatus used to calibrate an EDM up to 200 m in a 60 m laboratory, and investigates some of the problems and artefacts that can arise, for example, from unwanted intermediate reflections of the EDM beam.