Extension driven brittle exhumation of the lower-middle crustal rocks, a paleostress reconstruction of the Neoproterozoic Ambaji Granulite, NW India

Abstract

The exhumation of the deep crustal rocks through brittle crust by extensional tectonics is recognized in orogens of all ages. Paleostress analysis are generally used to understand the brittle exhumation process. In this study, we reconstructed the paleostress of faults of the Neoproterozoic Ambaji Granulite, South Delhi Terrane of the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt, NW India by analyzing the fault slip data in Win Tensor program. Several NE-SW and WNW-ESE faults have been mapped in the area and found to be normal faults with a few strike-slip faults. The strike-slip faults are pre-kinematic to normal faults. Tensor solutions for 237 fault slip data points estimate WNW-ESE extension for strike slip faults and NW-SE direction extension for normal faults. From these results, we interpret that the NE-SW striking, orogen-parallel normal faults were produced from a NW-SE directed extensional stress and are primarily responsible for brittle exhumation of the granulite through crustal extension and thinning at 764–650 Ma. This is comparable to earlier studies on brittle exhumation along the Southern Tibet detachment in the Higher Himalayas. On a more regional scale, our results are in agreement with the extensional tectonics that affected the entire Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt and adjoining continents of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Gondwanaland Supercontinent.