Extending the field of view of imaging behind turbid media beyond the memory effect

Abstract

Fluorescent imaging behind turbid layers has recently become available using several different methods based on speckle correlations. The limited range of these speckle correlations embodied in the memory effect, however, leads to a severe limitation of the field of view of these imaging techniques. Here, we present a method based on iterative scanning and re-focusing using wavefront shaping, such that neighbouring regions to the field of view of the memory effect can be imaged. This allows for an extension of the field of view of scattered light fluorescence microscopy far beyond the limits given by the memory effect. With this addition, applications in real life turbid media become possible, which can also be extended to dynamic media using possible improvements in speed of focusing.