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Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide. This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain Enterobacterioceae species. However, the distribution of these genes is poorly documented in Burkina Faso. This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of the resistant genes coding for broad spectrum beta-lactamases and quinolones in rural Burkina Faso.MethodsMultiplex PCR assays were carried out to detect ESBL-encoding genes, including blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV. The assays also assessed the presence of quinolone resistance gene namely qnrA, qnrB and qnrS in the quinolone-resistance DEC and Salmonella strains.ResultsThe Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) resistance phenotype was reported in all the E. coli isolates (5/5). Cross-resistance phenotype to quinolones (CRQ) was shown by one Salmonella strain (1/9) and three E. coli (3/5). Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one Salmonella (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two E. coli strains (2/5). Whilst the blaOXA genes were detected in 100% (5/5) of E. coli isolates and in 33.33% (3/9) Salmonella isolates. One strain of E. coli (1/5) harbored the blaCTX−M gene and the qnrB gene simultaneously.ConclusionsThis study identified β-lactam (bla) and quinolone resistance (qnr) genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in rural Burkina Faso. Our finding which highlighted the enterobacteriaceae strains resistance to β-lactams and quinolones are of high interest for adequate management of antimicrobial resistant genes outbreak in Burkina Faso.
Highlights
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide
These strains were less resistant to quinolones, 60% resistant to nalidixic acid and no resistant to ciprofloxacin (Fig. 2)
The Cross-resistance phenotypes to fluoroquinolones (CRFQ) were harboured by one Salmonella (1/9) and carbapenemase phenotypes were detected in two E. coli strains
Summary
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR) has become a major public health concern worldwide This resistance is caused by enzymes-mediated genes (i.e., extended spectrum beta-lactamases) that are common in certain Enterobacterioceae species. The spread of the strains is likely to limit the effectiveness of antimicrobials used to treat the patients suffering from pathogen bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella [13,14,15,16]. These ESBL-producing bacteria often show resistance to several antimicrobials such as third and fourth generation cephalosporins as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides [17,18,19]. Inhibited by clavulanic acid, ESBL enzymes have the ability to hydrolyze third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam [9]
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