Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)–Producing Gram-negative Isolates from Urine and Wound Specimens in a Tertiary Health Facility in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Purpose : To determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative bacteria causing wound and urinary tract infections among in- and out-patients in a tertiary health facility. Methods : The presence of ESBL was determined among 230 Gram negative bacilli isolated from wound (105) and urine (125) specimens from in- and out-patients who attended University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) for treatment using the double disc synergy method. Disc susceptibility test was performed on all isolates using standard techniques. Results : There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ESBL production between isolates from wound (47.6 %) and urine (41.6 %) as well as between in-patients (48.8 %) and out–patients (39.38 %). Enterobacter species were the most prevalent producers of ESBL from both wound and urine specimens as well as from both in- and out–patients. Bacterial isolates that produced ESBL were more resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin compared to non-ESBL producers. Conclusion : A high prevalence (44.3%) of ESBL producing Gram–negative bacteria was observed among the patients, with Enterobacter species being the most prevalent. Prudent use of antibacterial agents is advocated to stem the tide. Keywords : Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Enterobacter species, Wound, Urine, Gram negative bacteria