Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases and/or Carbapenemases-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat in Zagazig, Egypt.

H. M. Abdallah,C. M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls,A. Koek,N. al Naiemi,A. A. Mohamed,A. M. Ammar,B. B. Wintermans,E. A. Reuland,A. M. Abdelwahab,Patrick Butaye

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136052

H. M. Abdallah, C. M. J. E. Vandenbroucke-Grauls + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136052

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Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases- and/or carbapenemases-producing Enterobacteriaceae among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail chicken meat in Zagazig, Egypt.MethodsOne hundred and six Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from retail chicken meat samples purchased in Zagazig, Egypt in 2013. Species identification was done by MALDI-TOF MS. Screening for ESBL-E was performed by inoculation of isolates recovered from meat samples onto the EbSA (Cepheid Benelux, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands) selective screening agar. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc diffusion test with clavulanic acid (Rosco, Taastrup, Denmark). Carbapenemases production was confirmed with double disk synergy tests. Resistance genes were characterized by PCR with specific primers for TEM, SHV, and CTX-M and carbapenemases (KPC, NDM, OXA-48, IMP and VIM). PCR products of CTX-M genes were purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic grouping of E. coli was performed by a PCR-based method.ResultsOf these 106 isolates 69 (65.09%) were ESBL producers. Twelve (11.32%) of these isolates were also phenotypically class B carbapenemases producer. TEM genes were detected in 61 (57.55%) isolates. 49 (46.23%) isolates harbored CTX-M genes, and 25 (23.58%) carried genes of the SHV family. All CPE belonged to the NDM group. The predominant CTX-M sequence type was CTX-M-15 (89.80%). The majority (80%) of the ESBL-EC belonged to low virulence phylogroups A and B1.ConclusionsThis is the first study from Egypt reporting high rates of ESBLs and carbapenemases (65.09% and 11.32%, respectively) in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail chicken meat. These results raise serious concerns about public health and food safety as retail meat could serve as a reservoir for these resistant bacteria which could be transferred to humans through the food chain.

Highlights

The β-lactam antibiotics have been amongst the most successful drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections for the past 60 years [1]
All carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) belonged to the NDM group
(65.09% and 11.32%, respectively) in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail chicken meat

Summary

Introduction

The β-lactam antibiotics have been amongst the most successful drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections for the past 60 years [1]. They are arguably the most important and widely used antimicrobial class for treating bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine, because of their excellent safety profile, broad antimicrobial spectrum, availability of orally bioavailable formulations, and the low cost of many products [2]. The resistance to β-lactam antibiotics occurs as a result of drug inactivation by β-lactamases, target site (penicillin-binding proteins) alterations, diminished permeability and efflux [4].

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