Abstract
After the pupal-imaginal molt, the pre-emerged adult cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche), remains quiescent inside the cocoon for varying periods of time. It has a lower respiratory demand than the emerged adult and its survival is considerably longer. Pressure and heat stimulate rapid emergence from the cocoon. In the absence of these stimuli adults emerge gradually over several weeks, depending on ambient temperature, with the length of time spent in the cocoon related to prepupal weight. This pharate stage facilitates flea-host contact by maximizing the active life span of the adult flea and minimizing nonhost-induced emergence.
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