Extended HNCO, SiO, and HC3N Emission in 43 Southern Star-forming Regions

Abstract

Abstract We have selected 43 southern massive star-forming regions to study the spatial distribution of HNCO 404–303, SiO 2–1, and HC3N 10–9 line emission and to investigate their spatial association with the dust emission. The morphology of HNCO 404–303 and HC3N 10–9 agrees well with the dust emission. HC3N 10–9 tends to originate from more compact regions than HNCO 404–303 and SiO 2–1. We divided our sources into three groups: those in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ), those associated with bubbles (Bubble), and the remaining sources, which are termed “normal star-forming regions” (NMSFR). These three groups, subdivided into three different categories with respect to line widths, integrated intensities, and column densities, hint at the presence of different physical and chemical processes. We find that the dust temperature T d, and the abundance ratios N HNCO/N SiO and N HNCO/N HC3N show a decreasing trend toward the central dense regions of CMZ sources, while N HC3N/N SiO moves in the opposite direction. Moreover, a better agreement is found between T d and N HC3N/N SiO in Bubble and NMSFR category sources. Both outflow and inflow activities have been found in eight of the 16 bubble and NMSFR sources. The low outflow detection rate indicates either that in these sources the SiO 2–1 line wing emission is below our sensitivity limit or that the bulk of the SiO emission may be produced by the expansion of an H ii region or supernova remnant, which has pushed molecular gas away, forming a shock and yielding SiO.