Abstract
The microscope is one of the most useful tools for exploring and measuring the microscopic world. However, it has some restrictions in its applications because the microscope’s depth of field (DOF) is not sufficient for obtaining a single image with the necessary magnification in which the whole longitudinal object volume is in focus. Currently, the answer to this issue is the extended focused image. Techniques proposed over the years to overcome the limited DOF constraint of the holographic systems and to obtain a completely in-focus image are discussed. We divide them in two macro categories: the first one involves methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional generic objects (including techniques inherited from traditional microscopy, such as the sectioning and merging approach, or multiplane imaging), while the second area involves methods for objects recorded on a tilted plane with respect to hologram one (including not only the use of reconstruction techniques and rotation matrices, but also the introduction of a numerical cubic phase plate or hologram deformations). The aim is to compare these methods and to show how they work under the same conditions, proposing different applications for each.
Highlights
The microscope is one of the most useful tools for exploring and measuring the microscopic world, and its power quickly became clear to its discoverers
It has some restrictions in its applications because the microscope’s depth of field (DOF) is not sufficient for obtaining a single image with the necessary magnification in which the whole longitudinal object volume is in focus
We divide them in two macro categories: the first one involves methods used to reconstruct three-dimensional generic objects, while the second area involves methods for objects recorded on a tilted plane with respect to hologram one
Summary
The microscope is one of the most useful tools for exploring and measuring the microscopic world, and its power quickly became clear to its discoverers. The important necessity of having an EFI can be satisfied, in principle, by holography This technique has a unique attribute that allows recording and reconstruction of the amplitude and the phase of a coherent wave front that has been reflectively scattered or transmitted by an object through an interference process. The second macro area involves methods for objects recorded on a plane tilted with respect to hologram one This case has raised great interest over the years, because its applications in several fields and many strategies have been proposed. For each macro area, some methods are compared experimentally with practical applications on digital holograms
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