Abstract
The detection of cosmic rays via the electric field (the so-called radio detection) is nowadays a fully operative technique. With the aim of exploring the low-frequency part of the emission spectrum (below 10 MHz), the EXTASIS experiment has been conceived. Located within the CODALEMA experiment at the Nançay radio-observatory, EXTASIS measures the low-frequency emission coming from the extensive air showers created by cosmic rays. Being able to calculate the electric field at low frequency is crucial in order to correctly interpret our results. We present some results from the EXTASIS experiment and discuss the calculation of the low-frequency radio signal. We also present a new formula for the electric field of a particle track within two semi-infinite media (air and soil).
Highlights
Radio detection of cosmic rays is a well-established technique [1] that allows the determination of the relevant properties of the primary cosmic ray by measuring the electric field radiated by the extensive air shower (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic ray
The sudden death pulse (SDP) pulse disappears at high frequency, since it is created by the coherent deceleration of the shower front, and coherence is most present at large wavelength
This effect has been seen by LOFAR [12], and it changes the polarisation of the electric field on the ground inducing an homogeneous polarisation.We show in Fig. 6 an event measured during the Carmen storm, on the 1st of January, 2018
Summary
Radio detection of cosmic rays is a well-established technique [1] that allows the determination of the relevant properties of the primary cosmic ray by measuring the electric field radiated by the extensive air shower (EAS) induced by the primary cosmic ray. Radio detection is able to measure composition at energies lower than the fluorescence threshold and its low cost can be exploited to gain more statistics in the ultra-high energy region (> 1019 eV). Most experiments (such as CODALEMA [3], LOFAR [4], AERA [5] or Tunka-Rex [6]) measure the electric field above 20 MHz, where the technique is mastered and the atmospheric noise does not pose a problem for detection. In the past some experiments ([7, 8]) have detected a low-frequency (< 10 MHz) electric signal associated with EAS. We discuss the emission of an EAS at low frequency, introduce a new formula for the electric field that takes into account the air-
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