Abstract
Chrysanthemum crassum is a decaploid species of Chrysanthemum with high stress tolerance that allows survival under salinity stress while maintaining a relatively ideal growth rate. We previously recorded morphological changes after salt treatment, such as the expansion of leaf cells. To explore the underlying salinity tolerance mechanisms, we used an Illumina platform and obtained three sequencing libraries from samples collected after 0 h, 12 h and 24 h of salt treatment. Following de novo assembly, 154,944 transcripts were generated, and 97,833 (63.14%) transcripts were annotated, including 55 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 128 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The expression profile of C. crassum was globally altered after salt treatment. We selected functional genes and pathways that may contribute to salinity tolerance and identified some factors involved in the salinity tolerance strategies of C. crassum, such as signal transduction, transcription factors and plant hormone regulation, enhancement of energy metabolism, functional proteins and osmolyte synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, photosystem protection and recovery, and cell wall protein modifications. Forty-six genes were selected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detection, and their expression patterns were shown to be consistent with the changes in their transcript abundance determined by RNA sequencing.
Highlights
Salt can diffuse from underground soil, wind and rain can carry salt from the ocean, and human overuse of chemical fertilizers causes salty soils [1, 2]
Recording of morphological changes after salt treatment and paraffin sectioning At 0 d, plants that showed similar sizes and shapes were selected from the salt treatment and control groups and photographed
The morphological changes that occur in C. crassum under salinity stress have rarely been studied; they may be relevant to the remarkable salinity tolerance of C. crassum
Summary
Salt can diffuse from underground soil, wind and rain can carry salt from the ocean, and human overuse of chemical fertilizers causes salty soils [1, 2]. These factors have increased the amount of land affected by salt. Salinity can cause osmotic stress, which disturbs water assimilation by plants [4] and can lead to the accumulation of ROS, which, in excessive levels, damage plant cell membranes [5]. The leaves of Populus euphratica become greatly incrassated under salinity stress [10], and some cell wall modification proteins, such as HRGP and XET, are considered to be responsible for these changes [11]
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