Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the expression profiles of lincRNAs and mRNAs affecting milk yield and composition traits in the milk-derived exosomes of Holstein and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) cows. For this purpose, the locations of these specific lincRNAs and mRNAs were confirmed in quantitative trait loci. Then RT-PCR analysis was performed to identify the expression profiles of the lincRNAs and mRNAs. Lastly, correlation analysis was carried out between milk yield data from Holstein and DAK cows and expression levels of the lincRNAs and mRNAs. The findings showed that while lincRNAs and mRNAs associated with milk yield traits were upregulated in the Holstein cows exhibiting high milk yield in comparison to the DAK cows exhibiting low milk yield, lincRNA and mRNA associated with milk composition traits were downregulated in the Holstein cows with high milk yield compared to the DAK cows with low milk yield. These results suggest primary evidence for expression profiles of lincRNA and mRNA related to milk production traits in the milk-derived exosomes of Holstein and DAK cows. These lincRNAs and mRNAs, which are carried in the milkderived exosomes, could be utilized in animal breeding programs to enhance milk yield and composition traits.
Highlights
Several nutrients, growth factors, metabolic hormones, and cytokines are found in bovine milk; it is well known that bovine milk contains important nutrients for humans [1,2]
We investigated whether lincRNAs and mRNAs found in milk-related quantitative trait locus (QTL) were expressed or nonexpressed in the milk-derived exosomes of Holstein and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) cows raised in Turkey
LincRNAs related to milk yield, including TCONS_00042053, TCONS_00055411, TCONS_00068290, and TCONS_00071212, were upregulated in the exosomes of Holstein milk compared to DAK milk
Summary
Growth factors, metabolic hormones, and cytokines are found in bovine milk; it is well known that bovine milk contains important nutrients for humans [1,2]. Milk yield is one of the most important issues faced by dairy cattle farms [3]. Factors such as protein and fat percentage are important determinants of milk quality [4]. Breeding studies to increase milk yield are very important for the continuity of dairy cattle farms. Milk produced by humans and several other animal species such as cows, swine, and yaks contains different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as microvesicles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies, which play a role in several biological pathways.
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