Expression of Transposon LINE-1 Is Relatively Human-Specific and Function of the Transcripts May Be Proliferation-Essential

Abstract

A new 1.7-kb LINE (L1) transcript has been discovered from the cDNA library of human small-cell lung cancer. The nucleotide sequence of 1.7-kb L1 transcript is 98.4% similar to that of open reading frame 2 (ORF2) found in consensus complete 6.5-kb L1. Although L1 DNA segments could be detected from both genomic DNAs of human and rodent cells by PCR, these L1 transcripts were not detectable from cellular RNA of rodent cells by RT-PCR and northern hybridization, implying that the expression of L1 was relatively human-specific. The functions of L1 transcripts in cells are not yet clear. This paper shows that L1 transcripts are essential for cell proliferation when determined by antisense oligonucleotides. Alternately, L1 transcripts exhibit in all human cells we have examined so far, and they map to all the human chromosomes. A sequence-similarity search in the GenBank database indicates that the major sequence of 1.7-kb L1 is integrated in human retinoblastoma (Rb), IL-2, and factor VIII genes. Since Rb and factor VIII genes have displayed high frequency of chromosomal deletions in various cancers and haemophilia A, the universal integration of long and homologous L1 segments in the genes and all chromosomes may be liable to promote abnormal DNA rearrangement.