Abstract
The current study was performed on 178 paraffin embedded tissue specimens, included 111 of them were affected by thyroid carcinoma, 46 were benign neoplastic and 21individuals as control group. The study was carried out in Laboratory of College of Science, University of Wasit in collaboration with AL-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Ibn al-Bitar Laboratory Specialist in Thi Qar Province, IRAQ, from October 2015 to April 2016. Immunohistochemical technique was used to determination the expression of TGFα and its receptor EGFR in thyroid carcinoma in comparison with benign thyroid disease and control group. The aim of this study is to detect, quantify and analyze the clinicopathological correlation of those genes in patients with thyroid carcinoma. The results showed a significant increase of TGFα in thyroid patients comparing with control group and benign neoplasms, and between control group and benign neoplasms (p<0.05). On the other hand, the positive expression of EGFR was increased but did not reach to significantly difference in thyroid carcinoma in comparison with neither benign neoplasms nor control group (p>0.05). Our results concluded that there is a strong relationship between TGFα overexpression with thyroid carcinogenesis.
Highlights
Thyroid carcinoma is the most widespread type among endocrine malignancy [1]
When thyroid carcinoma were compared with benign neoplasms showed there was highly significant differences between thyroid carcinoma patients and benign neoplasms to TGFα expression (P= 0.002) table 1, as well as when comparing thyroid carcinoma with control group table 2, the results showed that there was highly significant difference between thyroid carcinoma patients and control group (P= 0.000)
This study has shown that there is a high significant difference of TGFα expression between thyroid carcinoma and benign patients (P
Summary
Thyroid carcinoma is the most widespread type among endocrine malignancy [1]. This cancer occurs in the thyroid gland, which it is importantly endocrine glands located at the lower part of the larynx, and responsible for the production of hormones that regulate the control: heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and basal metabolic rate [2]. The occurrence of Thyroid cancer has increased significantly around the world over the last few decades [3] Which it is the fifth more commonly malignant tumor at women [4]. The epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR is glycoprotein existing on the surface of some cells and composed of 1186 amino acid [12]. EGFR is activated by binding of its own ligands, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), this kinase triggers diversely downstream signaling pathways and results in various biological responses, such as proliferation and differentiation [16]. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α): is a protein contain of 50 amino-acids polypeptide, the cytogenetic location of human TGF-α gene is: 2p13.3, which is the short (p) arm of chromosome 2. A large number of biomarkers have been used in differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer, which include: TGF-α, and EGFR have been translated in clinical applications that led to the emergence of a significant improvement in the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer [22]
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