Abstract
TSPY is a Y-encoded gene that is expressed in normal testicular germ cells and various cancer types including germ cell tumor, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and prostate cancer. Currently, the correlation between TSPY expression and oncogenic development has not been established, particularly in somatic cancers. To establish such correlation, we analyzed the expression of TSPY, in reference to its interactive oncoprotein, EEF1A, tumor biomarker, AMACR, and normal basal cell biomarker, p63, in 41 cases of clinical prostate cancers (CPCa), 17 cases of latent prostate cancers (LPCa), and 19 cases of non-cancerous prostate (control) by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that TSPY was detected more frequently (78%) in the clinical prostate cancer specimens than those of latent prostate cancer (47%) and control (50%). In the latent cancer group, the levels of TSPY expression could be correlated with increasing Gleason grades. TSPY expression was detected in seven out of nine high-grade latent cancer samples (Gleason 7 and more). The expression of the TSPY binding partner EEF1A was detectable in all prostate specimens, but the levels were higher in cancer cells in clinical and latent prostate cancer specimens than normal prostatic cells. These observations suggest that expressions of TSPY and its binding partner EEF1A are associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Highlights
TSPY is a Y-chromosome located and tandemly repeated gene, normally expressed in the germ cells of both adult and fetal testes [1,2,3,4]
We previously showed that TSPY and eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (EEF1A) were co-expressed strongly in the testicular germ cell tumor cells, and demonstrated that TSPY stimulated the expression of a cotransfected reporter gene [23]
We evaluated the expression of TSPY and EEF1A, with references to prostatic tumor and normal basal cell biomarkers, among non-cancer prostate, latent prostate cancer (LPCa) and clinical prostate cancer (CPCa) using immunohistochemistry and specific antibodies against TSPY and EEF1A
Summary
TSPY is a Y-chromosome located and tandemly repeated gene, normally expressed in the germ cells of both adult and fetal testes [1,2,3,4]. EEF1As are encoded by two separate genes designated as EEF1A1 and EEF1A2, located on human chromosome 6q and chromosome 20q, respectively These isoforms share >90% sequence identity at the protein level and could serve essentially the same or similar functions in protein synthesis [24]. The expression levels and activities of EEF1A are correlated with cell survival and proliferation [28,29,30] Both EEF1A genes have been postulated to be oncogenes involved in various types of cancer [27]. We previously showed that TSPY and EEF1A were co-expressed strongly in the testicular germ cell tumor cells, and demonstrated that TSPY stimulated the expression of a cotransfected reporter gene [23]. Our results suggest that expression of both TSPY and EEF1A could be correlated with oncogenic development and progression in both latent and clinical prostate cancers
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