Expression of PD-L1 as Prognostic Sign Factor in Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Patient

Abstract

It is well known that elevated levels of PD-1/PD-L1 are associated with poor prognosis in several tumor types, such as PD-1 in breast cancer and soft tissue sarcomas, and PD-L1 in melanoma and renal carcinoma. This study aims to measure PD-L1 levels in NPC patients at various stages and determine the prognosis of the disease. The method used was analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. The total sample was 25 patients with NPC aged >18 years using consecutive sampling technique. Patients who have been diagnosed with NPC are then staged and examined for PD-L1 levels using immunohistochemical examination techniques. Test the analysis using Chi Square. The results showed that based on the comparison of PD-L1 based on cancer stage in NPC patients in this study, there were 42.9% PD-L1 at an early stage with negative values, 57.1% low, and 0% high. As for the advanced stage, there are 0% PD-L1 with negative values, 44.4% low, and 55.6% high, the Kruskall-Wallis test was carried out with p value = 0.002 (p<0.05), this indicates that the difference is significant. PD-L1 has sufficient sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in predicting advanced stage patients in NPC patients, it is useful in the prognosis of NPC. So it can be concluded that PD-L1 levels increase in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma so that it is suspected that there is a relationship with disease prognosis. So, the higher the PD-L1, the worse the prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.