Abstract
BackgroundHypospadias is a relatively common genital anomaly in humans, usually followed by inelastic dartos that causes penile chordee. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is strongly linked to the viscoelasticity of tissues and their elastic phase. This study aimed to evaluate VEGF expressions in (1) fascia dartos between hypospadias and controls and (2) chordee severity.MethodsThis prospective cohort study involved 65 specimens from patients with hypospadias and ten specimens from controls. The samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for VEGF expression.ResultsThe expressions of VEGF were not different between proximal and distal hypospadias patients and controls (fold change: distal − 0.25; fold change: proximal − 0.2; p = 0.664). The scaled expressions related to chordee severity were mild − 0.1; moderate 0.1; severe − 0.25 (p = 0.660).ConclusionsVEGF expressions might not affect the severity of hypospadias and chordee, implying the pathogenesis is complex involving many growth factors. Further study with a larger sample size is necessary to clarify and confirm our findings.
Highlights
Hypospadias, a relatively common human genital abnormality, is a urethral opening disorder that is not positioned correctly at the tip of the penis
Penile curvature in hypospadias was grouped into four groups: mild (< 30 degrees), moderate (30–60 degree), severe (> 60 degrees), and normal with each group number respectively: 19 (25.3%), 15 (20%), 23 (30.7%) and 18 patients (24%) (Table 1)
The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses showed decreasing of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in both distal and proximal (− 1.05 (− 0.1–(− 1.9)); − 1 (− 0.2–(− 2.3))) hypospadias compared with the control group − 0.8 (− 0.4–(− 1.1)), were not significantly different
Summary
Hypospadias, a relatively common human genital abnormality, is a urethral opening disorder that is not positioned correctly at the tip of the penis. Hypospadias may be related to an abnormality of the dartos fascia. This hypothesis is not supported by solid evidence from histopathology. There are contrasting studies of histopathological aspects of connective tissue in patients with hypospadias. The dartos fascia of hypospadias had abnormal tissue that gave it the thick and inelastic character [4, 5]. Hypospadias is a relatively common genital anomaly in humans, usually followed by inelastic dartos that causes penile chordee. This study aimed to evaluate VEGF expressions in (1) fascia dartos between hypospadias and controls and (2) chordee severity
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