Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men. Genes such as PCA3, PSA, and Fra-1 are suggested to serve as potential tools for the detection of PCa, as they are deregulated during this pathology. A similar event occurs with small non-coding RNAs, called miRNAs, specifically miR-195-5p, miR-133a-3p, and miR-148b-3p, which were analyzed in a Chinese population and suggested to be possible candidates for PCa diagnosis. We evaluated the expression levels of three miRNAs and three genes in tissue samples of PCa and benign prostate disease, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, or prostatitis, in order to determine their potential as candidates for PCa detection. Our results showed a statistically significant overexpression of 279-fold increase in PSA levels and a 1,012-fold increase in PCA3 levels in PCa patients compared to benign prostate disease patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). We observed a positive correlation between the expression of miR-148b-3p and the expression of PSA and PCA3 genes, two established biomarkers in PCa. The expression of miR-148b-3p was not related to clinical characteristics, such as age and weight, as observed for the other miRNAs analyzed, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for detection of this pathology.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common type of cancer diagnosed in men
An exhaustive medical examination of our groups revealed that 10.5% of the subjects presented prostatitis, 15.8% exhibited dyslipidemias and other neoplasms, and 36.8% suffered from diabetes and hypertension (Table 1)
We analyzed the expression of Prostate Cancer Associated 3 (PCA3) and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), two genes commonly reported in this pathology due to their clinical value as biomarkers
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common type of cancer diagnosed in men. Several genes involved in the progression of PCa, such as the Prostate Cancer Associated 3 (PCA3), the Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) and the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), present different expression levels in individuals with and without cancer. In this context, PCA3 is one of the most reported genes (Bussemakers et al, 1999; Floriano-Sánchez et al, 2009). The PCA3 gene is suggested as an interesting biomarker for this pathology (Xue et al, 2014)
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