Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity

Abstract

Purpose: The object of this study was to evaluate the significance of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in tumor invasion and metastasis of early squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: Surgical specimens from 65 patients with stage I and II SCC of the oral cavity were the subjects of this study. Tissue specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin, and the sections were stained with monospecific antibodies against human MMP-3 by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Results: Of the 65 patients, 30 (46.2%) tested positive for MMP-3. Immunore-activity revealed the expression of MMP-3 to be in the small cancer nests in the advancing front of invasion, but not in normal oral epithelium. MMP-3 expression was positively correlated with tumor size, depth of tumor invasion, diffuse invasive mode, and the high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: MMP-3-containing tumors will invade adjacent normal tissues more aggressively, including lymphatic and blood vessels. Therefore, the examination of MMP-3 expression in biopsy specimens should provide information useful in predicting the malignant potential of early SCC of the oral cavity.