Abstract
Introduction: Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and may be used as markers in diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate correlation between progression of periodontal disease and plasma expression of several interleukins. Material and method: A total of 88 subjects, 40 males and 48 females, divided into 4 groups: healthy group (HG), early generalized chronic periodontitis group (EGP), moderate generalized chronic periodontitis group (MGP) and advanced generalized chronic periodontitis group (AGP), were included in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for quantification of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 in the blood samples. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and statistical analysis, using SPSS version 25.0, was performed. Results: Both IL-1β and IL-8 plasmatic levels were significantly higher in EGP, MGP and AGP groups compared to the control group. IL-10 and IL-13 plasma levels were significantly higher in the HG compared to chronic periodontitis groups. Significant correlations were found between IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 in chronic periodontitis patients and between IL-10 and IL-13 in the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that interdependence between these interleukins is much more frequent in chronic periodontitis patients and that plasma concentration of each interleukin, seems to be closely associated with periodontal disease progression. A possible causal relationship between periodontal and systemic inflammation is evident.
Highlights
Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and may be used as markers in diagnosis
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are major culprits in periodontal destruction and are highly associated with periodontitis development [5,7]. Both IL-1β and IL-8 plasmatic levels were significantly higher in early generalized chronic periodontitis group (EGP), moderate generalized chronic periodontitis group (MGP) and advanced generalized chronic periodontitis group (AGP) groups compared to the control group
IL-10 and IL-13 plasma levels were significantly higher in the healthy group (HG) compared to chronic periodontitis groups
Summary
Cytokines play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and may be used as markers in diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate correlation between progression of periodontal disease and plasma expression of several interleukins. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that affects tooth-supporting tissues and alveolar bone, leading progressively to tooth loss and can affect individual’s oral health-related quality of life [1,2,3,4]. The pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis is multifactorial, resulting from a complex interaction between pathogenic microbes, the host immune responses, genetic and environmental factors [3,5,6,]. Bacterial infection is the primary cause in triggering periodontal disease, it’s progression depends on the production of host mediators in response to bacteria and it’s metabolic products [3]. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are major culprits in periodontal destruction and are highly associated with periodontitis development [5,7]
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