Abstract
Objective: To evaluate interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) epithelial expressions in potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa as malignant predictive markers.Study design: About 55 tissues embedded in paraffin, comprising 15 oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions, 15 leukoplakias, 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and 10 samples of normal oral mucosa were included in the study. IL-1ß and 8 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies antihuman IL-1ß human (sc-7884, Santa Cruz® H-153) and antihuman IL-8 (ab7747, abcam®). The number of positive cells was compared using Student's t-test. Any p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmatic keratinocyte staining were positive for both cytokines in all study groups. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed within all cases compared to normal mucosa, both staining for IL-1β and 8. Moreover, IL-8 showed significant differences between OLP and leukoplakia, and when compared to OSCC.Conclusions: Oral epithelial expression of IL-1β and 8 seems to decrease when the malignant transformation of the oral mucosa increases.
Highlights
The term “precancerous” in oral mucosa has been replaced by potentially malignant disorders, recognizing the fact that not all disorders become oral carcinomas and malignant transformation may appear outside of the lesion area
Immunostaining for IL-1β and IL-8 was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of keratinocytes (Figures 1, 2)
Lower IL-1β positive cells were observed in leukoplakias (224.60 ± 161.05 cells/field), oral lichen planus (OLP) (111 ± 101.752 cells/field), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (132.07 ± 121.951 cells/field) (Table 1, Figure 1)
Summary
The term “precancerous” in oral mucosa has been replaced by potentially malignant disorders, recognizing the fact that not all disorders become oral carcinomas and malignant transformation may appear outside of the lesion area. Oral potentially malignant disorders include leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, erythroplakia, submucous fibrosis, palatal lesions in reverse smokers, oral lichen planus (OLP), actinic cheilitis, lupus erythematosus, and most recently included chronic hyperplastic candidosis, oral lichenoid lesions, verrucous hyperplasia, and oral lesions of graft vs host disease [1]. Leukoplakia and OLP are the most common potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa. Leukoplakia is defined by WHO as an oral white plaque of questionable risk having excluded known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer [1]. OLP is a chronic mucocutaneous T-cell mediated inflammatory disease [1]. It is defined by WHO as a potentially malignant disorder, there is some controversy, as a result of the malignant transformation, the rate ranges from 0% up to ∼8% [1]
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