Abstract
Tumours are characterised by an ability to avoid immune destruction and the presence of cancer-associated inflammation. Better understanding of the link between lung cancer and such inflammation is vital for early detection and personalized treatment. Thus, we examined the mRNA expression of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and miR-9, miR-122 as potential useful biomarkers of NSCLC. Tumour tissues, non-cancerous tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 patients with primary NSCLC undergoing surgical treatment. The selected RNA was isolated from tissue samples and selected miRNAs from peripheral blood exosomes. This RNA was transcribed to cDNA and quantified using RT-qPCR. Significantly higher expression of the selected interleukins was observed in non-cancerous than tumour tissue, and IL-6 was significantly higher in the tumour tissue of patients with a history of ≤ 40 pack-years (PYs) (2.197, IQR: 0.821–4.415) than in those with > 40 PYs (0.461, IQR: 0.372–0.741; p = 0.037). It is clear that inflammatory processes play a role in NSCLC, as indicated by the upregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 in tumour and adjacent tissue, and that smoking has a strong influence on inflammation in tumourigenesis, demonstrated by the upregulation of IL-6 in tumour samples among patients with ≤ 40 PYs compared to > 40 PYs.
Highlights
Tumours are characterised by an ability to avoid immune destruction and the presence of cancer-associated inflammation
The RQ values of studied interleukins were significantly higher in the surgical margin than in tumour : IL-1β was 21.591 (IQR: 8.966–119.837) vs. 7.794 (IQR: 3.46–15.917), IL-6 was 13.03 (IQR: 3.544–77.858) vs 1.273 (IQR: 0.437–3.488), and IL-17 was 0.417 (IQR: 0.112–1.524) vs. 0.097 (IQR: 0.02–0.179)
The p-values of Wilcoxon tests were < 0.001, < 0.001, and 0.008, respectively. Both IL-1β and IL-6 were upregulated in the tumour sample and surgical margin in comparison to the calibrator (RQ > 1)
Summary
Tumours are characterised by an ability to avoid immune destruction and the presence of cancer-associated inflammation. There is clearly an urgent need for new diagnostic and treatment strategies These require a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interactions associated with cancer. The need to identify non-invasive diagnostic markers based on molecular targets has fostered the growth of various studies examining the potential of miRNA These small strands of ribonucleic acid, up to 30 bases in length, are responsible for regulating the expression of many genes, including key cancer immune-modulators. Their proper functioning is crucial for maintaining correct cell a ctivity[5], and any disruption in their regulatory activity may result in the development of a number of serious diseases, including cancer[6,7]. The present study analyses the expression of selected genes and miRNAs associated with inflammatory processes to better understand their contribution to cancer-related inflammation:. An important mediator of inflammatory response and responsible for cell proliferation, differentiation and a poptosis[8,9]
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