Abstract
BackgroundHead and neck cancers include carcinomas of the oral cavity, larynx, sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Studies on molecular expression of prognostic tumour markers in Ghana are scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of p53, p16, EGFR, Cyclin-D1 and HER2 among patients with non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodologyTissue microarrays from 154 histologically confirmed non-oropharyngeal HNSCC at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from 2006–2014 were constructed using duplicate cores of representative and viable areas from tumours. Expression of EGFR, p53, p16, Cyclin-D1 and HER2 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry.ResultsFor non-oropharyngeal HNSCC, majority of the cases (66.2%; 102/154) had stage IV disease. EGFR was the most expressed molecular marker (29.4%; 25/85) followed by p53 (24.0%; 29/121), p16 (18.3%; 23/126) and Cyclin-D1 (10.0%; 12/120). HER2 was not expressed in any of the cases. There was a significantly (p = 0.022) higher expression of Cyclin-D1 in tumours of the oral cavity (19.6%; 9/46) than in those of the larynx (4.7%; 2/43) and nose (3.2%; 1/31). Tumours in stages I–III were more frequently positive for p16 (28.6%; 12/42) than tumours in stage IV (13.1%; 11/84).ConclusionExpression of p53, EGFR, p16 and Cyclin-D1 in non-oropharyngeal HNSCC in Ghana is largely similar to what has been reported in published studies from other countries.
Highlights
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are among the top ten malignancies [1]
The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of p53, p16, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Cyclin-D1 and HER2 among patients with non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
There was a significantly (p = 0.022) higher expression of Cyclin-D1 in tumours of the oral cavity (19.6%; 9/46) than in those of the larynx (4.7%; 2/43) and nose (3.2%; 1/31)
Summary
HNCs include carcinomas of the larynx, oral cavity, nasopharynx and sinonasal tract [2] and majority of HNCs are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) differ widely in Africa, from 0.8 per 100,000 in Ghana to 11.1 per 100,000 in South Africa [3, 4]. Previous studies in Ghana have shown that tumours of the pharynx, larynx and oral cavity formed the largest group of HNCs and most of the patients presented with late (stage IV) disease [5, 6]. Head and neck cancers include carcinomas of the oral cavity, larynx, sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of p53, p16, EGFR, Cyclin-D1 and HER2 among patients with non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
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