Abstract

Purpose: Growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is a key risk locus for osteoarthritis (OA), with single-nucleotide polymorphisms that result in decreased GDF5 expression contributing to OA risk. Gdf5, together with Wnt9a, is well known for its critical roles during joint formation. However, little is known regarding the role of Gdf5 following adult joint tissue damage. Regulatory sequences that control Gdf5 expression are distributed over a hundred kilobases, including regions both upstream and downstream of its coding exons.

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