Abstract
High temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the successful cultivation of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh). The expression of genes related with anthocyanin synthesis and sugar accumulation by high temperature treatment was investigated in the fruits of “Fuji” apple at different developmental stages in different temperature conditions through real- time PCR. In the initial ripening stages in fruits, there was high expression of genes associated with fruit ripening, flavonoid compound accumulation, and coloration in high temperatures. Expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavone 3-hydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase genes increased gradually in initial ripening stages, while sharply reduced at 24 hr after treatment. In addition, there was no significant difference in the expression of all temperature treatments in late ripening stages. In the further work, investigation of expression levels of various genes could be conducted in the level of transcriptomes from fruits at the early stages to get meaningful information of ripening metabolism in apples in high temperatures.
Highlights
The domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the main fruits of temperate regions of the world [1]
Several studies reported that accumulation of pigment in fruit skins resulted from expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes during ripening of apples [9] [12]
We were to examine the expression level of genes related in anthocyanin synthesis and sugar accumulation including β-amylase (BMY), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and to determine the point to collect samples appropriate for transcriptome analysis of apple fruits as affected by high temperatures
Summary
The domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the main fruits of temperate regions of the world [1]. (2015) Expression of Genes Affecting Skin Coloration and Sugar Accumulation in Apple Fruits at Ripening Stages in High Temperatures. Several studies reported that accumulation of pigment in fruit skins resulted from expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes during ripening of apples [9] [12]. The rising temperatures due to urbanization and industrialization resulted in lots of problems such as growth retardation, reduced sugar content, poor coloring fruit shape, and shortening the shelf life of the fruit, and made a negative effect on the quality apple production and farm income [13]. We were to examine the expression level of genes related in anthocyanin synthesis and sugar accumulation including β-amylase (BMY), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and to determine the point to collect samples appropriate for transcriptome analysis of apple fruits as affected by high temperatures
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