Abstract
Abstract Over the last few years we have learned from sequencing projects for various organisms that up to 5% of all nuclear genes encode putative transport proteins, emphasizing the importance of these proteins for compartmentation and transmembrane fluxes. The number of cloned transporter genes is increasing exponentially, and the functional analysis of these transporters is an inalienable requirement for understanding their specific functions and their influence on the underlying physiological processes. For that reason, expression of transporter genes or cDNAs in heterologous expression systems has become increasingly important, and expression in yeast has, in particular, turned out to be extremely useful. Besides functional analysis, which includes determination of substrate specificities, ion and pH-dependences, KM values, electrochemical properties, and energy-dependences, expression in yeast has also been the basis for the biochemical characterization of recombinant transport proteins. Numerous well-characterized yeast promoters and yeast mutants represent excellent tools for the large-scale preparation of transport proteins and also for the identification of transporter genes by complementation analyses.
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