Expression of Fascin-1 protein in breast cancer and its clinicopathologic correlation

Abstract

To study the expression of fascin-1 protein in breast cancer and to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathologic features of the tumor. Immunohistochemical EnVision method was performed to evaluate the expression of fascin-1 in 23 cases of normal breast tissues, 69 cases of benign breast lesions, 58 cases of usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), 61 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 221 cases of breast cancer from March 2007 to December 2011. Fascin-1 protein expression rates in normal breast tissues, benign breast lesions, UDH, DCIS and breast cancer were 100.0% (23/23), 89.9% (62/69), 13.8% (8/58), 19.7% (12/61), and 42.1% (93/221), respectively. Fascin-1 expression in normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions was significantly higher than those in UDH, DCIS and breast cancer (P < 0.01); Fascin-1 expression in breast cancer was significantly higher than those in UDH and DCIS (P < 0.01). There was a tendency of increased fascin-1 expression in DCIS compared to UDH, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fascin-1 positive rates in patients with DCIS grade III (26.8%, 11/41) was significantly higher than that in patients with DCIS grade I-II (1/20, P < 0.05). Fascin-1 protein expression in breast cancer increased with increasing histologic grade and clinical stage (P < 0.01). Fascin-1 protein expression was also significantly higher in tumors with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progestone receptor (PR) status and > 3 axillary lymph node metastases compared to tumors that were ER and PR positive and ≤ 3 axillary lymph node metastases (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that fascin-1 expression correlated positively with high clinical stage (OR = 1.568, 95% CI = 1.029-2.387, P < 0.05) , but negatively with ER expression (OR = 0.149, 95% CI = 0.079-0.281, P < 0.01) . Fascin-1 is highly expressed in normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions, suggesting that it may be a biological marker of mature mammary ductal epithelium. Fascin-1 protein expression shows a significantly increasing trend from UDH, DCIS to invasive breast cancer, suggesting that fascin-1 plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis and may be a potential target for therapy.