Abstract
Background: Cyclin D1 expression regulates normal cell cycle. Its deregulation or overexpression may cause disruption in the normal cell cycle control and lead to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to study the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and find its association with the different grades of oral tumors, if any. 
 Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks specimens of OSCC with variable grades. The expression of cyclin D1 was evaluated through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.
 Results: There were 9 female and 31 male samples, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.4:1. The age ranged between 25 and 90 years with an average age of 65.5 years. Twenty-five (62.5%) samples were diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and fifteen (37.5%) as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). No cases of moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma were included in the study. The expression of cyclin D1 was detected in the cases of WDSCC and a lesser expression was seen in the PDSCC with a P-value of 0.0003, OR 1581 and 95% CI (29.8239 to 83810.7113).
 Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is expressed in OSCC and stronger expression was detected in WDSCC.
Highlights
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases controlling progression through the cell cycle [1]
Twenty five (62.5%) samples were diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and 15 (37.5%) as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) (Table 1)
The expression of cyclin D1 was strongly detected in the cases of WDSCC, while a lesser expression was seen in the cases of PDSCC
Summary
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of serine/threonine kinases controlling progression through the cell cycle [1]. Cyclin D1 expression regulates normal cell cycle. Its deregulation or overexpression may cause disruption in the normal cell cycle control and lead to cancer progression. We aimed to study the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and find its association with the different grades of oral tumors, if any. No cases of moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma were included in the study. The expression of cyclin D1 was detected in the cases of WDSCC and a lesser expression was seen in the PDSCC with a P-value of 0.0003, OR 1581 and 95% CI (29.8239 to 83810.7113). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is expressed in OSCC and stronger expression was detected in WDSCC
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