Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) genes represent a unique class of genes, which are expressed by germ cells, normally silenced in somatic cells, but activated in various cancers. CT proteins can elicit spontaneous immune responses in cancer patients and this feature makes them attractive targets for immunotherapy-based approaches. We have previously reported that CTs are relatively commonly expressed in estrogen receptor (ER) negative, high risk carcinomas. In this study, we examined the expression of selected CT genes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and benign proliferative lesions of the breast. ER negative DCIS were found to be associated with significant CT gene expression together with HER2 positivity and a marked stromal immune response.
Highlights
We found that seven CT genes (CT45A1, CT45A5, CT47A1, PLAC1, SSX2, SSX4B and SYCP1) were significantly overexpressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) samples compared to normal mammary tissue (Supplementary figure 1)
We analyzed the differential expression of CT genes between estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative and high grade and low-grade DCIS
Negative compared to ER positive DCIS (Supplementary figure 2)
Summary
CT proteins can elicit spontaneous immune responses in cancer patients and this feature makes them attractive targets for immunotherapy-based approaches. We have previously reported that CTs are relatively commonly expressed in estrogen receptor (ER) negative, high risk carcinomas. We examined the expression of selected CT genes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). ER negative DCIS were found to be associated with significant CT gene expression together with HER2 positivity and a marked stromal immune response. Proliferative lesions of the breast has been poorly investigated. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) supported by a great deal of genetic and molecular cytogenetic evidence [8] is considered the direct precursor lesion for invasive breast cancer (IBC).
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