Abstract
It has long been regarded that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a life-threatening malignant tumor. Thus, much attention has been paid for factors, especially relative molecules, predictive for prognosis of PC. However, c-fos expression in PC was less investigated. In addition, its association with clinicopathologic variables and prognosis remains unknown. In the present study, expression of c-fos was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in cancer and adjacent tissues from 333 patients with PC. The staining results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival. Furthermore, prognostic significance of c-fos in subsets of PC was also evaluated. It was shown that low expression of c-fos was more often in cancer than in adjacent tissues of PC (P<0.001). Besides, high cancerous c-fos expression was significantly associated with tumor site and T stage, whereas peri-neural invasion was of a borderline significant relevance. Log-rank test revealed that high expression of c-fos in cancer tissues was a significant marker of poor overall survival, accompanied by some conventional clinicopathologic variables, such as sex, grade, peri-neural invasion, T and N stages. More importantly, cancerous c-fos expression was identified as an independent prognosticator in multivariate analysis. Finally, the prognostic implication of c-fos expression was proven in four subsets of patients with PC. These data suggested that c-fos expression was of relationships with progression and dismal prognosis of PC.
Highlights
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of most life-threatening solid neoplasms, because this type of malignancy carries the mortality almost equal to its incidence [1]
C-fos expression in cancer tissues was of marginally significant relationship with perineural invasion (Table 2, P = 0.069)
As an important member of the fos family of transcription factors, c-fos was demonstrated to be a key regulator of proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis of cancer, through activator protein (AP)-1-related mechanisms [11]
Summary
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of most life-threatening solid neoplasms, because this type of malignancy carries the mortality almost equal to its incidence [1]. It was recently summarized that improvement in long-term prognosis of PC, surgical resection was more and more applied, was not achieved within two decades [2]. March 19, 2015 c-fos in Pancreatic Cancer of PC has been the hotspot of study. Many clinical and pathologic ones, such as lymph node status, neural invasion, tumor marker levels and resection margin, were identified [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Impacts of molecules involved in tumor pathogenesis and progression on prognosis of PC were gradually valued and recently reviewed [9,10].
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