Expression of Beef- Versus Dairy-Type in Crossbred Beef × Dairy Cattle Does Not Impact Shape, Eating Quality, or Color of Strip Loin Steaks

Abstract

Phenotypic expression of dairy influence often carries negative implications in beef production; thus, considerable variation in expression of beef- versus dairy-type might adversely affect value of crossbred beef × dairy cattle. This study evaluated effects of phenotype in crossbred beef × dairy cattle, specifically that associated with beef- versus dairy-type, on meat quality. Effects were blocked within commercial feedlot pens because cattle within a pen were contemporaries for sex, age, management, and source. On their harvest date, 592 Angus or [Simmental × Angus] × Holstein cattle from 9 pens were assessed by 3 expert evaluators. Scores for muscling and frame size were used to categorize and subset cattle in a pen into 4 phenotype groups: (1) fully dairy-type, (2) partially dairy-type, (3) partially beef-type, and (4) fully beef-type. Strip loin steaks were obtained from selected cattle (n = 82 to 84 per group) and evaluated for descriptive sensory attributes, shear force, pH, color at retail display, steak dimensions, muscle fiber type, and fatty acid composition. Data were tested for fixed effects of phenotype group with random effects of pen. Despite distinct expression of visual beef- versus dairy-type among cattle sampled, phenotype groups were largely not different (P > 0.05) in shape, sensory attributes, color, or biochemical properties of strip loin steaks. Other body regions, separate from the loin, were likely responsible for differences in live animal muscling. Additional research is needed on effects of sire breed, individual sire, and management strategies on meat quality in beef × dairy crossbreds. Complementarity of beef breeds and sires to produce more profitable beef-type cattle from the beef × dairy mating system should not be expected to negatively influence meat quality. Marketing programs rooted in production of consistent and premium products may benefit from including beef from beef × dairy crossbreds.