Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate expression of autophagy-related proteins in Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) and follicular neoplasm (FN) and assess the clinical implications. Methods 265 FNs (112 follicular carcinomas and 153 follicular adenomas) and 108 HCNs (27 Hürthle cell carcinomas and 81 Hürthle cell adenomas) were made into a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot for autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1, light chain (LC) 3A, LC3B, p62, and BNIP3) were performed, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results A higher expression rate of beclin-1, LC3B, p62, and BNIP3 was found in HCN than in FN (P < 0.001). The expression rate of beclin-1, LC3B, p62, and BNIP3 was the highest in HCCs followed by HCAs, FCs, and FAs in that order (P < 0.001). HCCs were positive for the largest number of autophagy-related proteins followed by HCAs, FCs, and FAs (P < 0.001), and most of the positive markers identified in HCCs were the high autophagy type (P < 0.001), defined by positive staining for three or more of the five autophagy-related proteins. Conclusion The autophagy-related proteins, beclin-1, LC3A, LC3B, p62, and BNIP3, were more frequently expressed in HCNs than in FNs, and HCCs showed the highest expression rate.
Highlights
Autophagy is the lysosomal disassembly of cellular components and is separated into microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and macroautophagy subtypes
We evaluated the expression of autophagy-related proteins in Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) and follicular neoplasm (FN) and assessed the clinical implications
There were 265 FNs comprised of 153 follicular adenomas (FA) and 112 follicular carcinomas (FC) (99 minimally invasive types and 13 widely invasive types), and 108 HCNs comprised of 81 Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA) and 27 Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC)
Summary
Autophagy is the lysosomal disassembly of cellular components and is separated into microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and macroautophagy subtypes. Macroautophagy is the major type of autophagy, and its underlying process has been investigated extensively. Autophagy is the process of removing and recycling dysfunctional or damaged cellular components, and it plays an important homeostatic role [1,2,3,4]. Autophagy plays a significant role in both tumor and normal cells. Aggressive malignant tumor cells use alternative metabolic pathways to provide energy via autophagy and to recycle cytoplasmic components in order to meet high metabolic demands [15, 16]. Unrestrained autophagy results in progressive consumption of cellular constituents and subsequent cellular death [17, 18]
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