Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear (ME), regardless of cause or pathological mechanism. Among the molecular biological studies assessing the pathology of OM are investigations into the expression of C-type lectin receptors (CLR) in the ME and Eustachian tube (ET). To date, nine studies have evaluated CLR expression in the ME and ET. The expression of individual CLRs in mammalian ME and ET varies by species and model of OM. Assessments have shown that the patterns of CLR expression in the ME and ET vary; that CLR expression may vary by type of OM; and that the distribution and levels of expression of CLRs may depend on the presence or absence of inflammation, with variations even within the same species and same tissue. Infection of the ME and ET with various pathogens is a common cause of all types of OM, with host responses to pathogens mediated initially by the innate immune system. CLRs are important factors in the innate immune system because they act as both adhesion molecules and as pathogen recognition receptors. The expression of CLRs in OM tissues suggests that CLRs are associated with the pathogenesis of various types of OM.
Highlights
Otitis media (OM) is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear (ME), regardless of cause or pathological mechanism (Figure 1) [1]
Because MBL activates the lectin pathway of the complement system by binding to targets such as mannose on pathogens, such as yeasts, viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and enhances phagocytosis, it is likely important for the pathophysiology of OM, including the induction of innate immunity
This review has summarized current knowledge about the distribution and function of C-type lectin receptors (CLR) in ME and Eustachian tube (ET), and their associations with mechanisms that may influence the pathophysiology of OM
Summary
Otitis media (OM) is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear (ME), regardless of cause or pathological mechanism (Figure 1) [1]. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly highly specific for sugar moieties. Lectins have synthesis many biological animals, from regulating cell adhesion to celltheir adhesion to glycoprotein and thefunctions control ofin protein levels in the blood. Lectins and intercellular play important roles in the immune system. This binding can lead to the induction of induction of an immune response against the invading. In addition to immune evasion, glycosylation is essential various pathogens is complex. In addition to immune evasion, glycosylation is essential for protein expression and assembly and for entry into cells during inflammation [10], for andprotein many expression and assembly and for entrytointo cells lectins during to inflammation [10], and many pathogens pathogens have evolved mechanisms exploit enhance infection. Important roles in host responses against pathogens in the ET and ME ME. important roles in host responses against pathogens in the ET and ME
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