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Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in B-cell maturation, antiviral immunity and carcinogenesis. Adenoids and palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid immune organs, in which AID and A3s are thought to have several physiological or pathological roles. However, the expression of AID or A3s in these organs has not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the expression profiles of AID and A3s, using 67 samples of adenoids and palatine tonsils from patients, with reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical analyses. AID and A3s expression levels in the adenoids and the palatine tonsils of the same individual significantly correlated with each other. Of note, AID expression level in the adenoids negatively correlated with the age (r = −0.373, P = 0.003). The younger group with adenoid vegetation and tonsillar hypertrophy showed more abundant AID expression than the older group with recurrent tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscesses (P = 0.026). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the distribution of AID and A3s in the epithelial cells as well as germinal centres. The localisation of AID expression and its relation to age may contribute to adenoid vegetation and inflammation.
Highlights
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in B-cell maturation, antiviral immunity and carcinogenesis
We examined the expression and distribution of Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) enzymes, AID and A3s, in the adenotonsillar tissues
AID/A3s expression were weakly to moderately correlated with each other within a single subject (Fig. 1). Their expression profile differed between the adenoids and palatine tonsils (Fig. 2)
Summary
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide 3 (A3) family are cytidine deaminases that play critical roles in B-cell maturation, antiviral immunity and carcinogenesis. Adenoids and palatine tonsils are secondary lymphoid immune organs, in which AID and A3s are thought to have several physiological or pathological roles. AID and A3s expression levels in the adenoids and the palatine tonsils of the same individual significantly correlated with each other. The APOBEC family is composed of at least 11 members, including activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and APOBEC1, 2, 3 A, 3B, 3 C, 3D, 3 F, 3 G, 3 H and 41,2. To elucidate the pathogenic role of AID or A3s expression on adenoid vegetation, tonsillar hypertrophy, or tonsillitis, we examined their expression profile and distribution in surgically treated adenotonsillar organs with various pathological backgrounds
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