Abstract
In grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cv Pinot noir, the Pathogenesis-Related (PR) proteins CHI4D and TL3 are among the most abundant extractable PR proteins of ripe berries and accumulate during berry ripening from véraison until full maturation. Evidence was supplied in favor of the involvement of these two protein families in plant defense mechanisms and plant development. In order to better understand CHI4D and TL3 function in grapevine, we analyzed their temporal and spatial pattern of expression during maturation and after an abiotic stress (UV-C) by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistolocalization. In ripening berries, CHI4D and TL3 genes were mainly expressed in the exocarp and around vascular bundles of the mesocarp. In UV-C exposed berries, CHI4D and TL3 gene expression was strongly induced before véraison. Corresponding proteins localized in the exocarp and, to a lesser extent, around vascular bundles of the mesocarp. The spatial and temporal accumulation of the two PR proteins during berry maturation and after an abiotic stress is discussed in relation to their putative roles in plant defense.
Highlights
Plants respond to environmental stimuli and pathogen attacks by inducing a variety of defense mechanisms
Chitinase (PR-3) and thaumatin-like (PR-5) proteins are the two major PR protein families represented in berry juice [12,13,14,15]
The most abundant proteins belonging to these two PR protein families are one chitinase of class IV CHI4D/ CHV5 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002275386.1) and two thaumatin-like proteins, VvTL1 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002282910.1) and VvTL2/TL3 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002282964.1) [5,18,19]
Summary
Plants respond to environmental stimuli and pathogen attacks by inducing a variety of defense mechanisms. The most abundant proteins belonging to these two PR protein families are one chitinase of class IV CHI4D/ CHV5 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002275386.1) and two thaumatin-like proteins, VvTL1 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002282910.1) and VvTL2/TL3 (NCBI reference sequence: XP_002282964.1) [5,18,19]. Their concentration could vary depending on the cultivar and environmental conditions [14,15,20,21]. In order to better understand chitinase and thaumatin-like protein roles in grape berry maturation and/or defense, it is necessary to monitor their temporal pattern of expression throughout development and to identify the tissues where their expression
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