Abstract
The metabolic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme 1 (PGAM1) is a key enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, and glycolysis is closely related to cancer progression, suggesting that PGAM1 may have important functions in breast cancer. We used sequencing data from the Oncomine database and UALCAN database to analyze the expression of PGAM1 and its influence on the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer. LinkedOmics was used to identify genes related to PGAM1 expression, kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors that were significantly related to PGAM1 through GSEA. cBioPortal was used to identify the alternation frequency and form of PGAM1 in breast cancer. The expression level of PGAM1 in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. Moreover, the expression level of PGAM1 is closely related to the molecular subtype and TP53 mutation status. The expression level of PGAM1 in HER2-positive and triple-negative tumors was significantly higher than that of luminal type. The expression level of PGAM1 in TP53-mutant tumors was higher than that in non-TP53-mutant tumors. In addition, the overall survival of patients with high PGAM1 expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low expression ( P = 0.0077 ). Through GSEA analysis, we found multiple kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors significantly related to PFKFB4. cBioPortal analysis showed that the mutation rate of PGAM1 in breast cancer was relatively low (4%), and the main form of mutation was high mRNA expression. This study suggests that PGAM1 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in breast cancer. Through data mining, we revealed the potential regulatory network information of PGAM1, laying a foundation for further research on the role of PGAM1 in breast cancer.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women [1]
We initially evaluated phosphoglycerate mutase enzyme 1 (PGAM1) mRNA levels in multiple breast cancer studies from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)
The Curtis Breast (Figure 1(b), P < 0:001) and Ma Breast 4 (Figure 1(c), P = 0:016) databases further validated that the expression level of PGAM1 in breast cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in breast tissue
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women [1]. The survival of early breast cancer has been significantly improved, there are still some patients who subsequently relapse and metastasize. The development of various targeted drugs has prolonged the survival time of patients and has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Patients with advanced breast cancer inevitably develop primary or continued resistance to targeted drugs. The pathogenesis of breast cancer is extremely complex, involving processes such as cell cycle regulation and signal transduction, reflecting the function and interaction of multiple genes in multiple steps. Identifying more molecular markers for breast cancer is expected to develop more new molecular targeted therapeutic drugs
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