Expression and characterization of a multicopper oxidase from Lactobacillus fermentum

Abstract

Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic compounds that present in fermented foods. Large amount of ingested biogenic amines can cause allergy or significant symptoms. Reduction of BAs by enzymatic reaction in fermented foods is one of the most efficient methods for removal of biohazard compounds and assurance food safety. In this study, the multicopper oxidase (MCO) gene in the genome of Lactobacillus fermentum was successfully cloned in Escherichia coli BL21 and expressed at 484 U/L. The recombinant MCO was purified by the immobilized metal affinity chromatography method. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for this enzyme was detected to be 50 °C and 3.5. The Km and Vmax values of the recombinant MCO was determined to be 1.30 mmol/L and 7.67×10⁻² mmol/(L·min). Moreover, this MCO dramatically degrades histamine and tyramine by 51.6% and 40.9%, and can degrade other BAs including tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine, and was found to be tolerant to 18% (W/V) NaCl. The recombinant MCO is also capable of degrading BAs in soy sauce. The degradation rate of total BAs in soy sauce reaches 10.6% though a relatively low level of enzyme (500 U/L) is used. Multicopper oxidase has the potential to degrade biogenic amines in fermented foods, which lays a foundation for the further application of this kind of food enzymes.