Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play a vital part in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis as signaling integration points. During liver regeneration, the quiescent hepatocytes go through hypertrophy and proliferation to restore liver weight. Therefore, we speculated that 14-3-3 proteins regulate the progression of liver regeneration. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of 14-3-3 proteins during liver regeneration of rat to provide an insight into the regenerative mechanism using western blotting. Only four isoforms (γ, ε, σ and τ/θ) of the 14-3-3 proteins were expressed in regenerative liver after partial hepatectomy (PH). The dual effects, the significant down-regulation of 14-3-3ε and the significant up-regulation of 14-3-3τ/θ at 2 h after PH, might play particularly important roles in S-phase entry. The significant peaks of 14-3-3σ at 30 h and of ε and τ/θ at 24 h might be closely related not only to the G2/M transition but also to the size of hepatocytes. Possibly, the peak of 14-3-3ε expression seen at 168 h plays critical roles in the termination of liver regeneration by inhibiting cellular proliferation.
Highlights
Liver has a remarkable capability of regenerating following different kinds of damage (Cienfuegos et al, 2014)
For the partial hepatectomy (PH) model, rats were anaesthetized by ether inhalation, and the left lateral and median lobes, which account for two-thirds of the total liver weight, were resected (Stolz et al, 1999)
The expression patterns of the seven 14-3-3 protein isoforms in regenerative liver after PH were assessed by western blotting using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit
Summary
Liver has a remarkable capability of regenerating following different kinds of damage (Cienfuegos et al, 2014). Hepatocytes, which account for approximately 80% of the liver mass and around 70% of liver cells, perform most of the functions of metabolism and synthesis (Si-Tayeb et al, 2010). In seriously injured liver with damaged proliferation of hepatocytes, progenitor cells are thought to be helpful for regeneration through proliferation and differentiation (Alison et al, 2009). Regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) does not need such a progenitor cell. The remnant liver undergoes compensatory hypertrophy and recovers the initial liver weight within approximately a week in rodents (Michalopoulos, 2007). Because resecting the liver lobes does not injure the remnant tissue, PH is thought to be a very good experimental model for research into the regen-
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