Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for one third of new cancer cases among women. The need for biomarkers for early detection is the stimulus to researchers to evaluate altered expression of genes in tumours. Cancer-testis (CT) genes are a group with limited expression in normal tissues except testis but up-regulation in a wide variety of cancers. We here evaluated expression of two CT genes named FBXO39 and TDRD4 in 32 invasive ductal carcinoma samples, 10 fibroadenomas and 6 normal breast tissue samples, in addition to two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, by the means of quantitative real time RT-PCR. FBXO39 showed significant up-regulation in invasive ductal carcinoma samples in comparison with normal samples. It also was expressed in both cell lines and after RHOXF1 gene knock down it was down-regulated in MCF-7 but up-regulated in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. TDRD4 was not expressed in the MCF-7 cell line and any of the tissue samples except testis. However, it was expressed in MDA-MB-231 and was up-regulated after RHOXF1 gene knock down. Our results show that FBXO39 but not TDRD4 can be used for cancer detection and if proved to be immunogenic, might be a putative candidate for breast cancer immunotherapy.
Highlights
Statistics estimate that breast cancer will be the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women in 2013 accounting for about one third of all new cancer cases
Our results show that F-box protein 39 (FBXO39) but not Tudor domain-containing protein 4 (TDRD4) can be used for cancer detection and if proved to be immunogenic, might be a putative candidate for breast cancer immunotherapy
To identify novel CT antigens in breast cancer, we examined mRNA expression of two previously found CT antigens Tudor domain-containing protein 4 (TDRD4) and F-box protein 39 (FBXO39) in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, fibroadenoma and normal breast tissues in addition to two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 which were transfected with Rhox homeobox family, member 1 (RHOXF1) shRNA constructs
Summary
Statistics estimate that breast cancer will be the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women in 2013 accounting for about one third of all new cancer cases. In general incidence of breast cancer is decreasing in the United States during the last decade, the incidence of the biologically aggressive estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative breast cancer in women younger than 40 has been increasing in African Americans in the US, as well as some other populations (Kakarala et al, 2010). The age of onset of breast cancer in Iran is at least one decade younger than their counterparts in developed countries (Harirchi et al, 2004). In spite of increasing survival rate for breast cancer patients in many countries, it seems that the survival in Iranian breast cancer is poor and early detection of cancer is an important step in improvement of survival (Vahdaninia and Montazeri, 2004)
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