Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infection (salmonellosis) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases throughout the world. Human infections caused by Salmonella Newport, Javiana, and Mississippi serotypes have been observed to occur at higher rates on an annual basis in western Tennessee. The reason for the increased rate of NTS infection by these three serotypes in this region is not known. We conducted a case-case analysis to identify potential risk factors associated with the three Salmonella serotypes using FoodNet data, obtained from the Tennessee Department of Health, consisting of 1578 culture-confirmed salmonellosis cases in Tennessee from 2013 through 2015. Among all the exposure variables tested (254 in total), we found contact with pet treats or chews in the seven days prior to illness was the factor that was significantly associated with these serotypes compared to other serotypes (odds ratio adjusted = 3.0 (95% confidence intervals 1.6, 5.5), P < 0.0005). This study highlights the need for further investigation of potential exposures (other than pet treats or chews), including several possible environmental sources of NTS infection in humans.
Highlights
Salmonellosis or non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections are common and significant public health concerns in the USA
The results of the present study suggested that human NTS infections caused by any of the three serotypes, namely, S
Mississippi were significantly associated with pet treats or chews in adjusted univariate models
Summary
Salmonellosis or non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections are common and significant public health concerns in the USA. The transmission of NTS in humans occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food and environmental exposures [1]. Common food sources of NTS infections include cheese made from unpasteurized milk, raw vegetables, undercooked beef, pork, eggs, and other poultry products [2,3,4,5]. There are some reports of transmission of NTS infections via water [6]. In addition to food and water, several outbreaks suggest a strong association of NTS infections with direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their environment [7,8,9]. Many animals are asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella spp. and, may serve as important reservoirs of NTS infections
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