Abstract
Concerns about the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health are being raised by researchers because the risks of nanocosmetics like sunscreen are unknown. We explored the association between urinary oxidative stress markers and exposure of cosmetics salesclerks to 20 cosmetics that might contain titanium dioxide (TiO2)/zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. We then recruited 40 cosmetics salesclerks and 24 clothing salesclerks and categorized them based on their exposure to ZnO and TiO2 NPs. Nineteen and 15 samples met the EU definition for TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials, respectively. Participants with a higher co-exposure index of ZnO and TiO2 NPs had a significantly higher base level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosin (8-OHdG) concentrations than the lower co-exposure group (5.82 vs. 2.85 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After potential confounding factors had been adjusted for, the TiO2 and ZnO NP co-exposure index was significantly positively associated with the urinary 8-OHdG base concentration (β = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.106 to 0.510) and the creatinine-adjusted concentration (β = 0.486, 95% CI = 0.017 to 0.954). Current evidence suggests that the likelihood of harm from using sunscreens containing nanoparticles might result in higher urinary 8-OHdG. However, our limited number and types of sample cosmetics might underestimate the risk.
Highlights
Consumer products such as cosmetics, clothes, packaging, toys, and even food products created using nanotechnology have been gradually incorporated into our daily life and the list is growing fast [1]
Most nanocosmetics contain titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs about 50–100 nm, which are better for ultraviolet (UV) light shielding and transparency than are larger particles
The implications for long-term use for this group must be established; we explored the association between urinary oxidative stress markers and exposure to TiO2 and ZnO NPs in nanocosmetics salesclerks
Summary
Consumer products such as cosmetics, clothes, packaging, toys, and even food products created using nanotechnology have been gradually incorporated into our daily life and the list is growing fast [1]. The most common cosmetic that uses nanotechnology (nanocosmetic) is sunscreen. Studies [2,3] have raised health concerns about nanoparticles (NPs) because their health risks are unknown. Because they are small, nanoparticles enable the skin to absorb nanocosmetics; nanomaterials are widely used in skin care products and cosmetics. Most nanocosmetics contain titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs about 50–100 nm, which are better for ultraviolet (UV) light shielding and transparency than are larger particles. Concerns relating to the use of nanoparticles are two-fold. NPs in nanocosmetics produce more free radicals when exposed to UV light.
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